Beuys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Beuys - Essay Example In actuality it went underground, emerging again, in entirely new guises, only toward the end of the 1970s. In 1967 Joseph Beuys, a professor of sculpture at the prestigious Dsseldorf Academy of Art, founded the politically dissident German Student Party and in the following year aligned himself with the rioting students, who strongly influenced his attitudes to art and politics. Beuys was born in 1921 at Kleve in the Lower Rhineland, served with the Luftwaffe in the War, enrolled as a student at the Dsseldorf Academy in 1947, and was Professor of Monumental Sculpture there from 1961 until he was dismissed in 1972. Beuys, who remained committed to social change to the end of his life, founded (among other organizations) the Organization of Non-Voters/Free Referendum Information Point in 1970 and the Organization for Direct Democracy through Referendum in 1971. He also waged war against hidebound art education. Beuys summed up his countercultural stance in 1979: "Young people -- the hippies in the '60s, the punks today -- are struggling to find new ways of defining the culture they live in . They, not money, are the capital of society" (Adriani, Konnertz, & Thomas, 1979). More than any of his contemporaries, Beuys sought to confront the social situation of a physically and psychologically devastated Germany and, by extension, Europe. Facing up to German history and culture -the Nazi period and its antecedents -- he said that he would assume the shamanistic role of exorcising past horrors, indicating the traumas of a time and initiating a healing process." He also believed that the imaginative powers of art could change life and bring about a personal and national rebirth. His ideas appealed to the European art world, because they seemed peculiarly European and -- equally important -- because they were expressed in an advanced visual language. Beuys achieved widespread recognition in 1968 and, in the 1970s, became the most important and influential artist in Europe. Beuys proposed his art as an alternative to contemporary American art -- which to him meant pop art, exemplified by Warhol, and minimalism. He overlooked the fact that many American post minimalists were also reacting against pop art and minimalism and were, like him, moving into performance and installation art. And they were as affected by the Vietnam War and America's social evils as he had been by the Nazi horror, the Holocaust, the student uprisings of 1968 -- and Vietnam. (But he convinced a significant number of European artists and art professionals that his misreading of American and European art was the correct interpretation, in large measure because they wanted to believe it.) Beuys's artistic roots were in Dada-inspired fluxus, which had been at the center of the German avant-garde in the early 1960s. Attracted by its use of performance to break down barriers between art and life, he joined the group. In February 1963 he hosted an international fluxus festival, Festum Fluxorum Fluxus at the Dsseldorf Academy. On that occasion he performed the first of his "actions," as he called his theatrical pieces, titled Siberian Symphony. Fluxus artists, who generally favored simple, short, often outrageous and funny sound-producing events, found Beuys's performance too complex and metaphorical for their taste. But much as he

Coscto Wholesale Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coscto Wholesale Corporation - Case Study Example Consumers want new products, which often result from sizable expenditures on research and development that can be undertaken only by large enterprise. In reality, it seems that a market of partial monopolies has provided the greatest measure of abundance (Global Marketing Principles 2008). Competition occurs not only in markets of many small firms but also in markets of relatively few large ones. However, in markets with few large firms, competitive action can be countered, and price competition may not serve as an effective method of competition. Therefore, products and services also become competitive weapons, and nonprice competition assumes importance. This fact has not yet been sufficiently recognized and integrated into theoretical models (Costco Home Page 2008). Costco spends no on advertising following "the no-frills concept". Costco has no public relations and advertising department trying to prove that the main principle of business is to sell products "as inexpensively as possible" (DiCarlo 2004). Costco does not rely on advertising proposing customers unique services and wide assortment, low prices and customer support. Technological improvements facilitate the type of centralized management that characterizes these organizations. The economies of scale that result from increasing store count and the ability to divide tasks between store operations and central merchandising put them in very powerful positions vis--vis both their customers and their suppliers. Costco was founded in 1976 as Cash-and Carry Company. The owner of Costco, sol Price, opened the Price Club store in San Diego as a discount store. INTRODUCTION The sales model of Costco is to sell products at low prices but at high volumes. During the 1980s, economic turmoil opened the door to retailing innovators who cut the cost out of distribution and drove conventional department stores or discounters to their knees or to bankruptcy court. Of the top twenty discount department stores in 1980, fewer than half remain in operation today, while the doomed still stick to business as usual. The seeds of "creative destruction" were sown in the 1980s but will be harvested in the 1990s. As many as 20 percent of the regional shopping centers currently operating in the United States will close by the year 2000 (Costco Home Page 2008; Bearden et al p. 54). In order to remain competititve, Costco changed its strategy and introduce Costco membership. Goldstar and Business Memberships costs about $50 a year and the Executive membership is about $100 a year. Only Costco members can purchase main products except drugs, drinks and gasoline similar to other retailers of this type, Costco continues to rattle around within overstored retail square footage that outstripped both population growth and consumer spending over the past decade (Costco Home Page 2008). The coming shakeout in retailing has been preordained by a copycat, follow-the-leader mentality, a quiet conspiracy toward "sameness" in retailing--in layout, location, presentation, products, and service. Diversity in products, in consumers, in employees, and in the environment will demand diversity and dexterity among retailers. "Costco sells very large volumes of merchandise and achieving high inventory turnover In addition to

Should Homosexuals Be Allowed To Adopt Children?

Should Homosexuals Be Allowed To Adopt Children? Homosexuality is a romantic or sexual fascination or natural behaviour between individuals having same sex. The word homosexual is a Greek and Latin mixture. As a sexual direction, homosexuality demotes to a continuing outline of or nature to feel sexual, care, or romantic attractions mainly to people of the same sex, it also states to an individuals sense of personal and public individuality, originate on those attractions, performances conveying them, and devotion in a society of other people who share them. Homosexuality is solely consisted of the three main groups of sexual orientation, all along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, surrounded by the heterosexual-homosexual band. Presently, the most universal adjectives is use are lesbian for women and gay for men, however, gay can demote to either men or women. Many individual who recognize as gay or lesbian, and the ratio of people who have same sexual looks are hard and tricky for researcher to calculate consistently for a nu mber of reasons. Gay, normally refers to affection and love between males. In the framework of sexuality, lesbian states only to female homosexuality. Homosexuality is also extensively come across in the animal kingdom. Homosexual relationships and actions have been approved in addition to condemned all through the proved history, depending on the type they took and the civilization in which they taken place. Homosexuals have made a decision to survive their lives with a person of the same sex. In the case, if it is man and man or woman and woman, they are cheerful with whom they are spending their life. Even though, many persons do not describe homosexuals as normal couples, they are capable to take care for a child only as any other couple is capable to. These citizens are also employed, working for the organization, love, fight, forgive and forget (Mucciaroni). To discuss more about the topic, I have organized my paper into several sections. In the first section, I discuss about the basic concept, should homosexual parents allow to adopting children. In the second section, I talk about the background and circumstances of homosexual adoption. In the third section, I converse about the disagreement to the homosexual adoption, will both parents are essential in the success of the family, misleading notion of challengers of homosexual adoption and there is no scientific proof and support which states that homosexual would be bad parent. Finally, in the last and fourth section, I talk about the rogerian discussion of solution. For number of years, the entitlement of homosexual parents to adopt children has been an extremely disputed concern. Homosexual parents and the requirement to adopt children comes with great anxieties for the terror of probable emotional and/or psychological dysfunctions that child may tolerate. At the same time, the population of homosexual is attempting to get more identification in the concept of marriage, they are also making an effort more their privileges as parents. Parents, both homosexual and heterosexual have relates to the happiness and comfort of their children. Homosexual couples should have a right for adoption since, they can make dependable and responsible and affectionate parents as well as heterosexuals. A major issue for homosexual parents is whether the attendance of having two same sex parents will modify or discord the adopted childrens public life and sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is not a foundation on whether an individual will be fit to a parent. Ma ny children have unsuitable parents of heterosexual orientation and those individuals are not considered by their sexual preference. Sexual orientation states to a continuing outline of or disposition to feel sexual, sentimental or romantic appeal mainly to men, to women, or to both sexes. It also states to a significance sense of personal and social identity on the basis of those attractions, behaviours, expressing their feelings to others, sponsorship in a society of others who share them. Even though sexual orientation varies all along a continuum from completely heterosexual to absolutely homosexual, it is normally explained in the labels of three categories such as heterosexual, means having sexual and romantic relationship mainly to members of the other sex, homosexual, relates to having sexual and romantic relationship with mainly to individuals of the other sex, and third category is bisexual, which means having a important and major quantity of sexual and romantic attraction to both men and women. Sexual orientation is separate from other constituents of sex and sexuality, comprising biological sex, is th e anatomical, physiological and hereditary features connected with being male or female, gender identity, is the psychological feeling of being male or female, and social gender role, and is the observance to social standards signifying feminine and masculine behaviour. Sexual orientation is usually conferred as a quality of the individual, like biological sex, gender identity, or age of an individual. This viewpoint is partial because sexual orientation is at all times explained in relational terms and essentially includes relationship with other individuals. Sexual performs and romantic attractions are classified as homosexual or heterosexual as per the biological sex of the individual comprised in them, relation to each other. Certainly, it is by acting, or requesting to perform, with another person that individuals state their heterosexuality, homosexuality or bisexuality. This contains simple actions as holding hands with or kissing another individual. Therefore, sexual orientation is integrally connected to the close and personal relationships that human beings shape with others to meet their intensely believed essential for love, attachment and intimacy. Additionally to sexual behaviour, these relationships include nonsexual physical liking b etween partners, united objectives and values, joint support, and uncompleted commitment and dedication. As a result, sexual orientation is not just a personal feature that can be expressed in separation and loneliness. To a certain extent, an individuals sexual orientation describes the world of individuals with whom one is possibly to discover the satisfying and rewarding relationships that, for many persons, include an important section of personal identity (American Psychological Association, Sexual orientation, homosexuality, and bisexuality). American Psychological Association supports mental health professionals to ignore pretending the effectiveness of sexual orientation change efforts by sponsoring or promising modification in sexual orientation when offering assistance to individuals concerned by their own or others sexual orientation and decides that the profits stated by participants in sexual orientation change efforts can be added all through methodologies that do not make an effort to changes sexual orientation. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has described, some people think that sexual orientation is natural and fixed, though, and sexual orientation expands across an individuals lifetime. The American Psychiatric Association also explains that, most people feel little or no sense of selection about their sexual orientation. In a combined statement with other main American medical organizations, the APA talks about that different people understand at different positions in their lives that they are he terosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual. A description from the Center for Addiction and Mental Health declares that, for some people, sexual orientation is permanent and fixed all through their lives. For other individuals, sexual orientation may be solution and change over the period of time. One experiment, has explained that substantial variability in bisexual unlabeled, and lesbian womens appeal and attractions, behaviours and identities. In a recent study conducted in 2004, the female themes, both gay and straight women, became sexually produced when they pictured heterosexual and also lesbian erotic films. Along with the male subjects, though, the straight men were turned out on just erotic films with women, the gay are the ones by those with men. The experiments senior associate explained that womens sexual wishes is less strictly directed in the direction of a particular sex, as compared with mens, and it is more inconstant and unreliable from time to time (American Psycholog ical Association, Resolution on appropriate affirmative responses to sexual orientation distress and change efforts). Although, based on the American Psychological Association (APA) homosexuals were categorized as mentally deficient as recently as 1973, same-sex couples adoption emerged in the society in the response to the lack of demand for adoptable children starting in 1987. Richard Bradley, Making a Mountain out of a Molehill A Law and Economics Defense of Same Sex Foster Care Adoptions. (Jan. 2007). Homosexual couples may only obtain legal rights to a child through the process of second-parent adoption. This is a judicially created process in which the non marital partner of a childs legal parent may adopt the child, without requiring the biological parents to relinquish parental rights and responsibilities. (Bradley) However, many jurisdictions in United States do not allow homosexual couples to adopt and to circumvent this obstacle many homosexual couples resort to alternative methods for adoption, such as international adoption, the use of artificial insemination procedures, and single parent adoption prior to entering into a homosexual relationship. (Bradley) The census data from 2000 from 594000 same-sex households shows that 27 percent of the households were raising children. (Bradley) Despite the fact that many argue that children getting raised by same sex couples will be affected emotionally or psychologically, the alternative would be to leave these children in foster cares which will not afford them any permanency or stability. Children will benefit from the permanence provided by an adoptive home, as opposed to the unstable life often provided by the foster care system. Sociological studies show that there is no evidence that child of lesbian or gay parents are confused about their gender identity or that they more likely to be homosexual. (Bradley) In fact, the studies show that children, especially daughters, of lesbian parents are more accepting, have accepting attitudes toward various sexual identities, and are more willing to question their own sexuality. In 2004 the APA, an authority on human behavior, gave the following rep ort that there is no scientific basis for concluding that lesbian mothers or gay fathers are unfit parents simply because of their sexual orientations and that homosexual parents are just as likely as heterosexual parents to provide healthy and supportive environments for their children. (Bradley) Homosexual parents or heterosexual parents will have the same concerns in raising their children. Parents, regardless of their sexual orientation want to make the right decisions for their childs heath and well being. Parents are also concerned about the financial and life changes that will be imposed upon them through parenthood. In addition, to the normal parental concerns homosexuals have many other variables that they have to deal with such as, if they will adopt, have sperm donated or even get a surrogate mother to carry the child. They also have to deal with discrimination through this process since there are many social stereotypes that they will face on their journey to adopt a child. Historically, gay men and lesbians have been prevented from becoming foster parents or adopting children and have been denied custody and rights of visitation of their children in the event of divorce on the grounds that they would not be effective parents. Furthermore, they are denied legal rig hts because of fear that affects of stigmatization, poor peer relationships, subsequent behavioural and emotional problems, and abnormal psychosexual development, will damage their children. These ideologies have not been confirmed scientifically, such assumptions are too broad and vague because children of heterosexual parents still experience such problems as well. There has been a spectacular increase in the percentage of homosexual couples seems interesting to adopt children. Although, there is the increase in percentage, there have been many obstructions and difficulties from them to adopt. Such complications are like adoption agencies and some specific rules and regulations restricting them from adopting, for instance, only a number of states permit homosexuals to adopt children. As a consequence of these difficulties, they have been looking for other methods to have children. From domestic adoption agencies to independent adoptions to international adoptions to now only public adoptions, homosexuals have a range of methods of adopting, but they are behaved very in a different manner from heterosexuals. Adoption agencies should permit homosexual couples to adopt children who want love, food and protection. For many years, this argument has been taken to courts and to adoption agencies. The query is, are they so capable to be fit as parents to raise a child? In recent times, there has been an unbelievable improvement in the number of homosexual couples seeking to adopt a child. The best interest of the child is at risk when it approaches to adoption. Adoption agencies have to make sure that proper care of child will be taken, all should be supported to child, and have good responsibility in their lives also. In the case, if homosexual couples have all the superiorities to meet the necessities, they should be permitted to adopt a child. Homosexual couples must be agreed to adopt a child so as to raise a child in a secure and affectionate atmosphere. Although, they are all human beings and understand and take breathes in the same manner as a normal person, homosexuals are poorly behaved because they select to live a life in different style. There are numerous gay and lesbian people who want to become parents. Some of them bring children from their previous relationships or a number of couples permeate through artificial insemination. Other couples are looking for adoption to their favoured procedure of bringing a child into their family. Gay couples must give evidence that they have sufficient finances, good health, and emotional steadiness, proper motivation and parenting skills. These are outstanding qualifications that should be taken care of when a couple wants to adopt a child. The dilemma is, various couples are getting away with not successfully meeting with all of the given qualifications because they are heterosexual. There is a portion of preconceived propaganda about gay parenting. Such labels about gay parenting that they raise gay kids, children of gay parents have further troubles and that gay men are more possibly to sexually misuse children are inappropriate and not a true fact. In some latest studies pe rformed on the sexuality of gay parents and their children, there has been no proof to recommend that the sexual orientation of adoptive parents have an effect on the sexuality of their children. There are several citizens who are in opposition to gay couples being permitted to raise children. Homosexuals are normal people who live in our culture. The basic dissimilarity is they have decided to be attracted to people of their same gender. Homosexuals would be capable to give the love and esteem any parent gives to their child. They worry about others also, if not they are un-human and have no emotions and sentiments (Cantor, and Cantor). The gender uniqueness of preadolescent children raised by lesbian mothers has been discovered dependably to be in with their biologic sex. Having a child in a home with homosexual parents is not sufficient grounds for the child to become homosexual. There are no differences have been found in the plaything, game, or any activity, clothes, footwears, or friendship liking of boys or girls who had lesbian mother come with persons who had heterosexual mother. It is the communications and connections within the families that make the children build up their living habits instead of the sexual orientation of the parents. A rising body of scientific literature explains that children who grow up with one or two gay and/or lesbian parents and also in sentimental, cognitive, social and sexual performance as do children whose parents are heterosexual. As state laws differ on adoption rights, not all gay and lesbian individual has the same capability to adopt. The United States has a lot of children waiting to be adopted. Older children and those with some exceptional needs and requirements are specifically hard to place. Children who fit this category are in foster homes at present with gay parents who wish to adopt them. It appears to be very unwarranted and deceitful to the children to reject them for permanent and stable safety homes. Most children in the United States do not reside with two married parents. As per the 2000 census, just 24% homes were arranged of a married mother and father with their kids living at home. There are only total four states, such as, Vermont, New Jersey, Massachusetts and California allows same sex couple adoption. Some states authorizes single parent to adopt, other people opposes it. The reason for that, the gays are not permitted to get married, it can be difficult for gay people to adopt a chi ld in those mentioned states. Since, Vermont has civil unions; both parents have equivalent rights in adoption cases. The Florida court disagrees that children are better off taking care in a two-parent heterosexual household. Actually, systematic and methodical learning reveals that children who grow up in gay households are simply emotionally and socially as children whose parents are heterosexual. Researchers have proved that children are more inspired by their communications with their parents, as compared to sexual orientation. With this point keeping in mind, the American Association of Paediatrics encourages gay and lesbian couples adopting children. At last, there is no lawful reason that why gays should be rejected the right to adopt children. The rules only hurt children waiting to be adopted and withdraw loving parents who would be taking care for these children (Mucciaroni). Other communal doubts that work as obstacles to entry for homosexual parents include the fear that homosexuals have a higher propensity to pedophilia and the fear that homosexuals are simply hedonistic and cannot engage in a durable and stable relationship. There is no empirical data to show that homosexuals have higher tendencies to engage in pedophilia or child molestation. Result of a study conducted by Dr. A. Nicholas Groth shows, that there are practically no reports of sexual molestation of girls by lesbian parents and that the adult male who sexually molests young boys is not likely to be a homosexual. People are misled that the homosexual society is predisposed to sexual abuse but it is in fact heterosexuals that have higher rates of sexual misconduct with children. Furthermore, the statement that homosexuals cannot engage in a durable and stable relationship is unfair. Homosexuals have not been privileged as heterosexuals to engage in a legal marriage. And it is apparent in todays society that homosexuals still lack the recognition of a formal marriage with an exception of a few states. Many would choose to solidify their relationship through marriage and ensure stability, but are forced to cohabitate with their partner, their relationships are inherently unstable. Following are the circumstances for Gay and Lesbian Adoptions: The United States has many kids remaining to be adopted. Older children and those with particular requirements are specifically hard to place. Children who suit this group are in foster homes at present with gay and lesbian parents who want to adopt them. It is unsafe and dishonest to the children to reject them permanent protected homes. Most of the children in the United States do not reside with two married parents. In the real fact, as per the 2000 census survey, only 24% homes were created of a married mother and father with children residing at home. The Florida court disagrees that children are better developing off raised in a two-parent heterosexual family. Actually, methodical experiments which have demonstrated that children who grow up in one or two-parent gay or lesbian families only as sensitively and communally as children whose parents are heterosexual. Learnings have explained that children are more inspired by their interactions with their parents, other than by their sexual orientation. Keeping this is mind, the American Association of Pediatrics maintains gay and lesbian couples of adopting children. There is no lawful purpose why gays and lesbians should be refused the right to adopt children. The rule only harms children coming up to be adopted and removes loving parents who would be concerned for these children. If a couple has a child all through the artificial insemination, just the birth parent is acknowledged as the legal protector. All through the second-parent adoption, both parents can get hold of legal protection of the child. In the condition, that do not permit second-parent adoption, if somewhat takes place to the custodial parent, the remaining parent, still if they gave been raising the child for years, can be observed as a unfamiliar person in the sense of the law. The child may not be qualified for the non-custodial parents health insurance, social security or other insurance but that parent turns out to be debilitated. There is no other method which can be in the top attention of the child. Following are the reasons against Gay and Lesbian Adoptions: Florida disagrees that it has the right prohibition to gay adoptions since it is the states method of saying it criticizes of gay and lesbians becoming parents. The Florida court states that children are develop in homes with a mother and a father, who are married. A number of challengers fight that children of gay and lesbian parents will be the area under discussion to harassment and annoyance (Belge). Finally, this is the last and fourth section discussing about the rogerian discussion of solution. Gay couples are becoming a more common element of American society. Gays have lobbied, and in some cases at least, been awarded many of the rights that are granted to heterosexual couples (David 966). There are still many issues, however, that need to be worked out as to how gay couples fit in society and as to what rights they should be awarded (David 966). Many of these issues surround the question of whether gay couples could be fit parents (Campaigns and Elections 17). Interestingly, several states have actually banned adoptions by homosexuals (Campaigns and Elections 17). The purpose of this paper is to explore the question of whether gays should be allowed to adopt in the format of a Rogerian argument, an argument which is complete in a review of both sides of the issues and an argument which certainly results in a somewhat modified view of the positives verses the negatives of ho mosexual adoption. To do so, however, the thesis will be presented up front that: Although no scientific evidence exists that demonstrates gays would be bad parents, there are simply too many variables to be able to safely conclude they would not. To complete the Rogerian argument on homosexual adoption, we must clearly explain our elements of argument and disclaimer while at the same time avoid logical fallacies. Many feel that homosexual couples simply cannot form a nutritious family unit. There is, however, no data supporting or refuting this argument. Others argue that gays are just as capable of providing for the needs of a child as are heterosexuals. Here too, however, there is no facts demonstrating this or refuting it. Very simply, because the concept of homosexuals adopting children is a relatively new idea, no scientific studies exist that either support gay adoption or condemn it. While there is little to no facts available demonstrating that gays would be either good or bad parents, there is considerable facts showing the negative impacts of non-traditional parenting units. Consider, for example, the impacts that have been made in the name of feminism. This impact sometimes differs completely from our perceptions of the glitter and glory of modern feminism. Some of the women who have reached the peak of our quest for liberation from traditional responsibilities, responsibilities such as commitment, childrearing, and marriage, are often not really that happy or that successful. These women are more often characterized by high stress levels and emotional insecurity about whether they have really made the right life choices. The quality of parenting cannot help but be affected by this unhappiness. The point here is not that feminism is wrong but rather that immersing our children in a philosophical framework which so radically differed from the traditional frame work of earlier generations had impacts which no one had anticipated. The same could very well be true of immersing children in homosexual families. Single parent families are another example that can be used for guidance in understanding how non-traditional families can be less than optimum. These families face many unique problems related to the familial structure itself. Although the single parent structure itself does not make the single parent family inferior to traditional families, some problems ultimately result. Many more problems could be expected to result when that single parent lived a homosexual lifestyle. This is not to say that a homosexual couples in the role of the traditional mother/father unit would result in fewer problems for the child being raised in that environment, however. Problems would undoubtedly arise there as well. Among the more obvious are how would the child be accepted by its peers from heterosexual parents and how would the child form its view of gender roles? Conclusion In conclusion, the above research shows societies baseless fears against homosexual adoption. Most of these misconceptions are based on social stigmatization and stereotypes. Allowing homosexual couples to adopt will provide homes for orphans thus reducing the long-term use of foster care for children. Children flourish mentally and physically when they are afforded a stable and structured home. There is always a fear in the unknown but we cannot allow ourselves to keep the right of parenthood solely based on sexual orientation. I want you to know that I think my family is great, so why dont you people just stop all this hate? I know that love comes right from the heart. My parents taught me love from the start. -Hannah Jurs-Allen, fifth-grader, daughter of lesbian parents (Quotes from Gay Parents and Their Children). There is no exact and specific answer for the question of whether gays should be allowed to adopt a child. Certainly, there are more questions coming up than answers. Could the answer be one thing if the child being raised was intended as a subject matter of genetic makeup for homosexuality and an additional if that child were truthfully a heterosexual? The most relevant question, however is should we test with our children to find out? Logically says, no. The lack of research demonstrating that this would be in fact not unfavourably impact the child, says no.

Essay --

In the following paper, I will be examining and comparing Turkey and Spain in order to determine their overall attitude towards immigration. I will first go into depth about the history and background of both Spain and Turkey, specifically in regards to immigration. After that, I will come up with two hypothesis in order to determine whether education and political orientation affect Turks’ and Spains attitudes towards immigration. The first hypothesis lists the relationship between education and attitude towards immigration, while the second provides the relationship between political orientation and attitude towards immigration. Finally, I will use statistical data to either prove or disprove my hypothesis. Research Question: For these two specific countries and our research for them, our research question was â€Å"Does country matter in political orientation and level of education and people’s attitudes towards immigrants?† Literature Review: From our literature review, we learned that attitudes towards immigrants in a society are influenced by the way the population accepts the i... Essay -- In the following paper, I will be examining and comparing Turkey and Spain in order to determine their overall attitude towards immigration. I will first go into depth about the history and background of both Spain and Turkey, specifically in regards to immigration. After that, I will come up with two hypothesis in order to determine whether education and political orientation affect Turks’ and Spains attitudes towards immigration. The first hypothesis lists the relationship between education and attitude towards immigration, while the second provides the relationship between political orientation and attitude towards immigration. Finally, I will use statistical data to either prove or disprove my hypothesis. Research Question: For these two specific countries and our research for them, our research question was â€Å"Does country matter in political orientation and level of education and people’s attitudes towards immigrants?† Literature Review: From our literature review, we learned that attitudes towards immigrants in a society are influenced by the way the population accepts the i...

Write a Properly Referenced Essay on the Treatment and Management of a Patient with Corns

This essay will discuss the different types of corns. This requires looking at the possible causes, treatment and management of a patient with corns. According to SMAE Institute (2012), the different types of corns include Heloma Molle (soft corn), Heloma Durum (hard corn), vascular and neuro-vascular helomata. Hard corns are described by Carlson et al (2004), as thick hardened patches of dead skin and are a result from repeated pressure or friction occurring underneath the foot, on top of the smaller toes, or the outer side of the little toe. Badly fitted shoes may contribute to this as they rub onto the area causing friction. Hyperkeratosis is described by the SMAE Institute (2012), as the thickening process of the skin, a protective response due to the area becoming over stimulated due to pressure or friction. Hogan (2012), describes soft corns as being softer due to moisture in between the toes and more commonly found in between the fourth and fifth toes. According to Goldman (2011), the soft corn consists of a ring of hardened skin and has no nucleus. Treatment should be carried out by a professional such as a podiatrist or a foot health practitioner and requires the gentle removal of the outer ring using a scalpel. The application of astringent or powder to close the pores, reduce sweating and an application of Benzoin compound can be used to harden the skin. The patient should be given advice on appropriate footwear and the use of a gel toe separator to avoid the toes from rubbing together. The SMAE Institute (2012) state the hard corn normally occurs on top of the toes and contains a nucleus. Treatment should include disinfecting the foot and the gentle removal of the thickened skin and the nucleus. A padded dressing should be applied to the area to alleviate pressure and the patient should be advised on suitable footwear. If there are any mechanical causes these should be identified and corrective orthotic devices should be prescribed. As described by The SMAE Institute (2012), the treatment for vascular and neuro-vascular helomata requires enucleation with a scalpel. If this is not successful then silver nitrate or salicylic acid may be used to soften the area and eradicate the heloma. It may take several attempts to be destroyed. If a corn is left untreated it may become ulcerated and as a result may become infected. This will need draining if it contains liquid or pus and/or a course of antibiotics from the General Practitioner may be required. To conclude this essay it is important that an initial assessment is carried out by a podiatrist or health foot practitioner to determine the cause of the problem, so that early treatment can be given to prevent further discomfort. Once the initial treatment is given by the practitioner, regular visits should be maintained and home care advice adhered to. This will maintain the feet in a healthy condition. References: The SMAE Institute, (2012), Module 6, The Skin, Available: www.opencollege.podiatry.com. Last accessed 7th January 2013 Carlson J.K, Eisenstat, A.S, Ziporyn D.T (2004).  The New Harvard Guide to Women’s Health. USA: President and Fellows of Harvard College. 38. Hogan. (2012).  treatment.  Available: Hogan (2012), available from Medscape.com/article/1089807-treatment. Last accessed 7th February 2013. Goldman C. (2011).  corns.  Available: Goldman C. (2011), available from weblink: www.footpad.co.uk . Last accessed 3rd february 2013 Bibliography: Emedicine.medscape.com/article/1089807-treatment, (accessed 30/8/2012)www.webmd.com/†¦treatments†¦/calluses-and-corns-treatment-overv†¦(accessed 30/8/2012) www.feet for life.org, (accessed 31/08/2012)www.epodiatry.com/corns-callus.htlm, (accessed 09/02/2013)

Water Scarcity & The Importance Of Water Essay

Clean, safe drinking water is scarce. Today, nearly 1 billion people in the developing world don’t have access to it. Yet, we take it for granted, we waste it, and we even pay too much to drink it from little plastic bottles. Water is the foundation of life. And still today, all around the world, far too many people spend their entire day searching for it. In places like sub-Saharan Africa, time lost gathering water and suffering from water-borne diseases is limiting people’s true potential. Education is lost to sickness. Economic development is lost while people merely try to survive. But it doesn’t have to be like this. It’s needless suffering. WHAT IS WATER SCARCITY? More than just a lack of water†¦ Simply put, water scarcity is either the lack of enough water (quantity) or lack of access to safe water (quality). It’s hard for most of us to imagine that clean, safe water is not something that can be taken for granted. But, in the developing world, finding a reliable source of safe water is often time consuming and expensive. This is known as economic scarcity. Water can be found†¦it simply requires more resources to do it. In other areas, the lack of water is a more profound problem. There simply isn’t enough. That is known as physical scarcity. The problem of water scarity is a growing one. As more people put ever increasing demands on limited supplies, the cost and effort to build or even maintain access to water will increase. And water’s importance to political and social stability will only grow with the crisis. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT When water comes, everything changes†¦ Education When students are freed from gathering water, they return to class. With proper and safe latrines, girls stay in school through their teenage years. Health Safe water, clean hands, healthy bodies. Time lost to sickness is reduced and people can get back to the work of lifting themselves out of poverty. Hunger Access to water leads to food security. With less crop loss, hunger is reduced. Schools can feed students with gardens, reducing costs. Poverty Access to water can break the cycle of poverty. The communities we serve are ready to grow. We can’t wait to see how they choose to do it. WHAT CAN BE DONE TO HELP? See how we’re working to address the water crisis in Africa In some places, it is simply dry. Water is hard to find. In others, this most critical need is literally only a few feet below ground waiting to sustain life. The Water Project, Inc. is a non-profit organization working to provide access to clean water to people in developing nations who suffer needlessly without it. With our team of supporters we’re funding clean water projects like water wells and rain catchment systems. â€Å"The old water source gets salty in rainy season and people could not drink it. The new water well is good, it has clean water and is located closer to the community.† Edison N – Farmer The Water Project: Kinama II The new water is very clean compared with the old one because people were getting diseases due to the bad water. Now this is helpful to the people in this village we are happy and many thanks to God and the people providing water for us. Water scarcity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia â€Å"In Meatu district, Shinyanga region, Tanzania, water most often comes from open holes dug in the sand of dry riverbeds, and it is invariably contaminated.† Physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity by country. 2006 Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region. It already affects every continent and around 2.8 billion people around the world at least one month out of every year. More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water.[1] Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis. While the concept of water stress is relatively new, it is the difficulty of obtaining sources of fresh water for use during a period of time and may result in further depletion and deterioration of available water resources.[2] Water shortages may be caused by climate change, such as altered weather patterns includingdroughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of water.[3] A water crisis is a situation where the available potable, unpolluted water within a region is less than that region’s demand.[4] Water scarcity is being driven by two converging phenomena: growing freshwater use and depletion of usable freshwater resources.[5] Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms: physical (absolute) water scarcity and economic water scarcity, where physical water scarcity is a result of inadequate natural water resources to supply a region’s demand, and economic water scarcity is a result of poor management of the sufficient available water resources. According to the United Nations Development Programme, the latter is found more often to be the cause of countries or regions experiencing water scarcity, as most countries or regions have enough water to meet household, industrial, agricultural, and environmental needs, but lack the means to provide it in an accessible manner.[6] The reduction of water scarcity is a goal of many countries an d governments. The UN recognizes the importance of reducing the number of people without sustainable access to clean water and sanitation. The Millennium Development Goals within the United Nations Millennium Declaration state that by 2015 they resolve to â€Å"halve the proportion of people who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water. Physical and economic scarcity Around one fifth of the world’s population currently live in regions affected  by Physical water scarcity, where there is inadequate water resources to meet a country’s or regional demand, including the water needed to fulfill the demand of ecosystems to function effectively.[6] Arid regions frequently suffer from physical water scarcity. It also occurs where water seems abundant but where resources are over-committed, such as when there is over development of hydraulic infrastructure for irrigation. Symptoms of physical water scarcity include environmental degradation and declining groundwater as well as other forms of exploitation or overuse. Economic water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in infrastructure or technology to draw water from rivers, aquifers or other water sources, or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand for water. One quarter of the world’s population is affected by economic water scarcity. Symptoms of economic water scarcity include a lack of infrastructure, causing the people without reliable access to water to have to travel long distances in or fetch water, that is often contaminated from rivers for domestic and agricultural uses. Large parts of Africa suffer from economic water scarcity; developing water infrastructure in those areas could therefore help to reduce poverty. Critical conditions often arise for economically poor and politically weak communities living in already dry environment.